Essay Proofreading中常見的錯句類型分析
發表時間:2019-06-26 09:04:38
常說論文寫作表達要簡單流暢符合語法規范，可是，怎么判斷哪些句子不對？怎么判斷句子什么地方有問題？怎么把錯誤的地方改正？這時候就需要同學們多多實戰練習了。這回Meeloun小編就來把12類常見的錯句類型改正確。來幫助大家順利做好Essay Proofreading，寫作再也不怕被扣分！
如何做好Essay Proofreading
1.SENTENCE FRAGMENTS 不完整的句子標點符號可不能亂標，確保用逗號分隔的每一個片段，都有著獨立完整的語法，單獨作為一個句子也沒問題。
錯誤：Tests of the Shroud of Turin have produced some curious findings.For example,the pollen of forty-eight plants native to Europe and the Middle East.
缺乏主語
訂正：Tests of the Shroud of Turin have produced some curious findings.For example,the cloth contains the pollen of forty-eight plants native to Europe and the Middle East.
錯誤：Scientists report no human deaths due to excessive caffeine consumption.Although caffeine does cause convulsions and death in certain animals.
標點符號不對，后半句不能作為一個完整的句子。
訂正：Scientists report no human deaths due to excessive caffeine consumption,although caffeine does cause convulsions and death in certain animals.
2.SENTENCE SPRAWL 過于雜亂的句子
第二種常見錯誤，在于太多同類詞語堆砌導致句子看上去啰嗦復雜。
錯誤：The hearing was planned for Monday,December 2,but not all of the witnesses could be available,so it was rescheduled for the following Friday,and then all the witnesses could attend.
句子本身沒有語法錯誤，但表述太過于混亂。
原句表達的意思：聽證會計劃于12月2日星期一舉行，但并非所有證人都可以參加，所以在下周五重新安排，然后所有證人都可以參加。
其實只要說：計劃于12月2日星期一舉行的聽證會將在下周五重新安排，以便所有證人都能參加。
訂正：The hearing,which had been planned for Monday,December 2,was rescheduled for the following Friday so that all witnesses would be able to attend.
3.MISPLACED AND DANGLING MODIFIERS 不合時宜的修飾語
修飾語自然應該在被修飾的對象附近，而不是跑偏了或者被修飾的對象壓根就不再句子里。此外，不要亂添加不必要的修飾語。
錯誤：When writing a proposal,an original task is set for research.
訂正：When writing a proposal,a scholar sets an original task for research.
錯誤：Many tourists visit Arlington National Cemetery,where veterans and military personnel are buried every day from 9:00 a.m.until 5:00 p.m.
正確：Every day from 9:00 a.m.until 5:00 p.m.,many tourists visit Arlington National Cemetery,where veterans and military personnel are buried.
4.FAULTY PARALLELISM 錯誤的并列
進行并列，也是要使用相同的語法構成。這一點我們都知道，但是在寫的時候常常容易遺漏。
錯誤：The candidate’s goals include winning the election,a national health program,and the educational system.
贏得選舉，國家健康項目和教育系統？
訂正：The candidate’s goals include winning the election,enacting a national health program,and improving the educational system.
贏得選舉，頒布國家健康計劃以及改善教育體系。
錯誤：Some critics are not so much opposed to capital punishment as postponing it for so long.
訂正：Some critics are not so much opposed to capital punishment as they are to postponing it for so long.
5.UNCLEAR PRONOUN REFERENCE 指代不明
莫名想到初到國外點餐，都是this，this，that，可惜寫作不能指手畫腳，那就只能明確的說“this is Hamburger.”在使用it,they,this,that,these,those,and which，這類的詞的時候也一定要指代明確哦~而且代詞代的是名詞，不會有人搞錯吧？
不明確：Einstein was a brilliant mathematician.This is how he was able to explain the universe.
愛因斯坦很聰明，愛因斯坦能夠解讀宇宙的原因？
明確：Einstein,who was a brilliant mathematician,used his ability with numbers to explain the universe.
不明確：Because Senator Martin is less interested in the environment than in economic development,he sometimes neglects it.
到底忽略的是環境還是經濟發展？
明確：Because of his interest in economic development,Senator Martin sometimes neglects the environment.
6.INCORRECT PRONOUN CASE 錯誤的代詞使用
請確定代詞是否被用作句子中的主語，對象或所有格，并選擇要匹配的代詞形式。
錯誤：Castro’s communist principles inevitably led to an ideological conflict between he and President Kennedy.
正確：Castro’s communist principles inevitably led to an ideological conflict between him and President Kennedy.
錯誤：Because strict constructionists recommend fidelity to the Constitution as written,no one objects more than them to judicial reinterpretation.
正確：Because strict constructionists recommend fidelity to the Constitution as written,no one objects more than they[do]to judicial reinterpretation.
7.OMITTED COMMAS 略掉的逗號
逗號的作用是什么？使用逗號來標明非限制性或非必要的材料，以防止混淆，并指出想法和句子部分之間的關系。這才是逗號的正確使用。
錯誤：When it comes to eating people differ in their tastes.
正確：When it comes to eating,people differ in their tastes.
錯誤：The Huns who were Mongolian invaded Gaul in 451.
蒙古族的匈奴人在451年入侵了高盧。
正確：The Huns,who were Mongolian,invaded Gaul in 451.
匈奴人，是蒙古族的，他們在451年入侵了高盧。
“誰是蒙古人”增加了信息，但沒有改變句子的核心含義，因為匈奴人是蒙古人;因此，這個部分是非限制性的或非必要的。
8.SUPERFLUOUS COMMAS 多余的逗號
多余的，逗號，讓句子，難以閱讀，比如，我這句，就是。
比較多余：Field trips are required,in several courses,such as,botany and geology.
訂正：Field trips are required in several courses,such as botany and geology.
去掉多余的逗號
比較多余：The term,“scientific illiteracy,”has become almost a cliche,in educational circles.
訂正：The term“scientific illiteracy”has become almost a cliche in educational circles.
9.COMMA SPLICES 逗號的拼接
不要用逗號連接兩個獨立的子句（除非你使用協調連詞：and,or,but,for,nor,so,yet）遇到這種情況請使用句號或分號，或重寫句子。
逗號拼接：In 1952 Japan’s gross national product was one third that of France,by the late 1970s it was larger than the GNPs of France and Britain combined.
訂正：In 1952 Japan’s gross national product was one third that of France.By the late 1970s it was larger than the GNPs of France and Britain combined.
逗號改句號
逗號拼接：Diseased coronary arteries are often surgically bypassed,however half of all bypass grafts fail within ten years.
訂正：Diseased coronary arteries are often surgically bypassed;however,half of all bypass grafts fail within ten years.
逗號改分號
10.APOSTROPHE ERRORS 撇號的錯誤
撇號表示名詞的歸屬（“Jim’s hat,”“several years’work”），但不代表人稱代詞（its,your,their,and whose）。撇號也可表明縮寫（“it’s”=“it is”）。通常，不用于表示復數。
錯誤：In the current conflict its uncertain who’s borders their contesting.
訂正：In the current conflict it is[it’s]uncertain whose borders they are[they’re]contesting.
錯誤：The Aztecs ritual’s of renewal increased in frequency over the course of time.
訂正：The Aztecs’rituals of renewal increased in frequency over the course of time.
11.WORDS EASILY CONFUSED 容易混淆的詞
比如說：“Effect”經常做名詞用（the effect），“affect”經常作為動詞用?！發ead”/”led”and“accept”/”except.”分的清嗎？寫作時，要認真檢查哦！
錯誤：The recession had a negative affect on sales.
訂正：The recession had a negative effect on sales.(or)The recession affected sales negatively.
錯誤：The laboratory instructor chose not to offer detailed advise.
訂正：The laboratory instructor chose not to offer detailed advice.
12.MISSPELLINGS 拼寫錯誤
這一點就很無奈了，有的時候一詞錯千里，還容易讓看到的導師給低分，寫作時常備詞典，以防不時之需。對了，再給同學們分享一些proofreading注意事項和技巧：
Essay proofreading有哪些注意事項？
留學生英文寫作中Proofreading的五個注意事項
從這四個方面入手做好Essay Proofreading
同學們光是完成了essay寫作可不能直接交，Essay Proofreading真的很重要！不然如果你的essay里有嚴重的問題的話很容易被fail！語法潤色，說到底是一個細致活兒！需要proofreading修改潤色服務的同學可以掃描右邊的二維碼聯系我們的客服哦！你只需動動鼠標，或者動動拇指，就能輕松解決各種留學的難題。留學咨詢、留學申請、留學文書、材料翻譯，我們的服務都是全年無休的，品質和效率都能滿足您的需求。
